Tihi „spavač“ u mozgu može objasniti zašto žene sporije stare od muškaraca
12.03.2025. 09:06
28
IZVOR: sputnikportal.rs
Nedavna istraživanja su otkrila da prethodno neaktivni Iks hromozomi u ženskom mozgu mogu postati aktivni s godinama, potencijalno utičući na kognitivnu dugovječnost kod žena. Ovaj fenomen, primjećen i kod miševa i kod ljudi, mogao bi da objasni zašto žene doživljavaju sporiji pad kognitivnih sposobnosti i duži životni vijek od muškaraca.
U tipičnom procesu starenja, žene imaju mozak mlađeg izgleda, sa manje kognitivnih deficita u poređenju s muškarcima. Ovi rezultati pokazuju da se tihi Iks hromozom kod žena zapravo ponovo budi kasno u životu, što možda pomaže da se uspori kognitivni pad, objašnjava neurolog Dena Dubal sa Univerziteta Kalifornije u San Francisku (UCSF) i jedan od autora studije, koja je objavljena u časopisu „Sajens advansis“.
Iks hromozom predstavlja oko pet procenata ljudskog genoma, ali ostaje nedovoljno proučavan u kontekstu starenja, kažu Dubal i njene kolege sa UCSF-a, koje vodi neuronaučnica Margaret Gadek. Dok ženke sisara nasljeđuju dva Iks hromozoma, obično je samo jedan aktivan u svakoj ćeliji. Međutim, neki geni izbjegavaju inaktivaciju i izgleda da se njihova ekspresija povećava s godinama.
Da bi istražili, autori gore pomenute studije analizirali su moždane ćelije hipokampusa kod ženki miševa, upoređujući dva soja glodara, Mus musculus i M. castaneus. RNK sekvenciranje 40.000 ćelija hipokampusa otkrilo je da je između tri i sedam procenata gena na neaktivnom Iks hromozomu izbjeglo utišavanje, posebno u starijim mozgovima. Najviše su pogođeni neuroni zupčastog vijuga i oligodendrociti, koji su neophodni za pamćenje i neuronsku povezanost.
- Podaci dobijeni u studijama na ljudima potvrdili su ove nalaze. Paralelno s miševima, starije žene su pokazale povećanu ekspresiju PLP1 u parahipokampusu, u poređenju sa starijim muškarcima - rekli su autori studije.
PLP1 gen, koji utiče na izolaciju neurona i signalizaciju, poboljšao je kognitivnu funkciju kada je izražen kod starijih ženki miševa.
Studija biologije specifične za žene je istorijski bila nedovoljno zastupljena u nauci i medicini, ali je važna i brzo se širi, zaključili su autori studije.
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