U svijetu se danas obilježava Dan maternjeg jezika, s ciljem da se ukaže na značaj maternjeg jezika, njegovanje jezičke i kulturne različitosti.
Unesko je 1999. godine proglasio 21. februar Međunarodnim danom maternjeg jezika, na prijedlog Bangladeša.
Grupi južnoslovenskih jezika pripadaju jezici Srba, Slovenaca, Hrvata, Crnogoraca, Bošnjaka, Bugara, Makedonaca i nekadašnji staroslovenski jezik.
Za osnovu srpskog standardnog jezika uzet je štokavski dijalekat, koji razlikuje dva izgovora: ekavski i ijekavski.
Veći broj Srba govori ekavski, dok se ijekavski govori na krajnjem jugozapadu Srbije, Hrvatskoj, BiH, Crnoj Gori.
Postoje pokušaji, ali bez pravog jezičkog utemeljenja, da se ijekavski izgovor veže za jezike Hrvata, Bošnjaka i Crnogoraca, objavio je RTS.
Srpski kulturni reformator, tvorac savremene srpske azbuke, književnog jezika i pravopisa je Vuk Stefanović Karadžić, koji je dao oblik tradicionalnom pismu u srpskom jeziku - ćirilici.
Ćirilica ima 30 slova u azbučnom redoslijedu, porijeklom iz crkvenoslovenskog, a u daljoj perspektivi iz grčkog jezika.
U ćirilici je u potpunosti sprovedeno Vukovo načelo: jedan glas - jedno slovo.
Fonološki princip nije sproveden i u latinici, tu su za neke znakove upotrijebljene dvoslovne kombinacije.
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